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8th Grade English Notes/Study Guides

September 25, 2017

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Cornell Notes

Hilldale is adopting the Cornell Notes method of note taking.  This is an example of the format.

 

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Five Elements of a Short Story

 

1.  Plot – sequence of events

 

Six Stages of Plot Development

 

1.  Exposition – introduction of characters, setting, and      background information

 

2.  Narrative Hook (Also called the Inciting Incident) – conflicts begin – reader interest begins

 

3.  Rising Action – conflicts develop

 

4.  Climaxhigh point of the story – action will take a new

     direction

 

5.  Falling Action – conflicts begin to be solved

 

6.  Resolution – ending or outcome of the story

 

 

Types of Conflicts

 

External

1.  man vs. man – human vs. human

 

  1. man vs. nature – human vs. nature

 

3.  man vs. technology – human vs. technology

 

Internal

4.  man vs. himself – human vs. an emotion or characteristic inside his or her own mind

2.  Characters -

          A. Major Characters

                   (1). Protagonist – the central character – usually the

                          good guy

                   (2). Antagonist – brings the conflict – usually the bad

                          guy

          B. Minor Characters – in the story just to move it along or

               add details

 

 

 

3.  Setting

The time and place of the story

 

4Point of View

 who tells the story

 

Point of View Types

 

1.  First Person Narrative – narrator is a character in the story and will tell the story

 

2.  Third Person Omniscient – knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters

 

3.  Third Person Limited – limited to one character’s thoughts and feelings 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.  Theme

The message or lesson of the story

 

 

 

Additional Elements:

 

Foreshadowing – giving clues to what will happen next

 

Atmosphere – mood of the story

 

Suspense – apprehension about what is going to happen – when you wonder what will happen next

 

 

 

 

SWBS

 

Someone             Wanted                But             So

 

 

 

Irony – the opposite of what is expected

Three types of irony:
Verbal Irony – a character says one thing but means the opposite – also called sarcasm.
Dramatic Irony – When the reader knows something a character doesn’t
Situational Irony – What happens is the opposite of what is expected